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Like all mammals humans have internal joints. This arrangement  allows the joints to be within joint capsules which are then bathed in synovial fluid (which is our lubricant). An adult human has 206 bones and 300 joints; most joints are synovial joints, such as our knees and knuckles.

In the scientific community the Tsimane (a small population from Bolivia) have status because they have the healthiest cardiovascular systems of any recorded population, which in turn increases their brains’ resilience to ageing and atrophy. This is according to remarkable results just published

A study from the University of Southampton suggests that drinking coffee offers protection against liver cancer and chronic liver disease. Since the 1970’s deaths due to liver disease have increased by 400%.

Researchers from the World Mosquito Program (WMP) have reported dramatic reductions in rates of dengue infection using a bacteria that naturally inhabits many insects called Wolbachia pipientis

Human society has evolved at such an incredible rate that we have become almost completely released from having to do any physical activity at all. Latest research is now beginning to unravel much more about the influence of exercise and how it determines our physiology and even our mood and thought processes.

A remarkable new piece of research was published in  ‘Nature’ on May 24th, 2021. This research used optogenetics to control light sensitive neurons in the human eye by adding a gene for a light-sensitive protein called an opsin from algae.  Also this week I have briefly covered the alarming rise in ‘black fungus’ or mucormycosis infections in India in connection with COVID-19.

As a specific condition diabetes generates medical costs that are two to five times more than those of a person without diabetes. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) the number of people with diabetes rose from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014.

This week on May 5th, 2021 an article was published in the journal ‘American Academy of Neurology’ which indicated that a Mediterranean-like-diet (or MD) can reduce the incidence rate of Alzheimer’s. In the absence of effective therapies against Alzheimer's disease (AD), the identification of modifiable risk/protective factors is important.